World’s Top Waterfalls by Height and its Location

Waterfall	Height in meter	Height in Feet	Location
979 m	3,212 feet	Canaima National Park, Bolívar, Venezuela
Tugela Falls	948 m	3,110 feet	KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Cataratas las Tres Hermanas	914 m	3,000 feet	Ayacucho, Peru
Olo’upena Falls	900 m	2,953 feet	Molokai, Hawaii, United States
Catarata Yumbilla	896 m	2,938 feet	Amazonas, Peru
Vinnufossen	860 m	2,822 feet	Møre Og Romsdal, Norway
Balåifossen	850 m	2,788 feet	Hordaland, Norway
Pu’uka’oku Falls	840 m	2,756 feet	Hawaii, United States
James Bruce Falls	840 m	2,755 feet	British Columbia, Canada
Browne Falls	836 m	2,744 feet	South Island, New Zealand
Strupenfossen	820 m	2,690 feet	Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway
Ramnefjellsfossen	818 m	2,685 feet	Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway
Waihilau Falls	792 m	2,600 feet	Hawaii, United States
Colonial Creek Falls	788 m	2,584 feet	Washington, United States
Mongefossen	773 m	2,535 feet	Møre og Romsdal, Norway
Catarata Gocta	771 m	2,531 feet	Amazonas, Peru
Mutarazi Falls	762 m	2,499 feet	Manicaland, Zimbabwe
Kjelfossen	755 m	2,477 feet	Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway
Johannesburg Falls	751 m	2,465 feet	Washington, USA
Yosemite Falls	739 m	2,425 feet	California, USA
Cascades de Trou de Fer	725 m	2,380 feet	Cirque de Salazie, Réunion
Ølmåafossen	720 m	2,362 feet	Møre Og Romsdal, Norway
Mana’wai’nui Falls	719 m	2,360 feet	Hawaii, USA
Kjeragfossen	715 m	2,345 feet	Rogaland, Norway
Avalanche Basin Falls	707 m	2,320 feet	Montana, USA
Harrison Basin Falls	707 m	2,320 feet	Montana, USA
Haloku Falls	700 m	2,297 feet	Hawaii, USA
Lake Chamberlain Falls	700 m	2,297 feet	South Island, New Zealand
Alfred Creek Falls	700 m	2,296 feet	British Columbia, Canada
Døntefossen	700 m	2,296 feet	Møre Og Romsdal, Norway
Brufossen	698 m	2,289 feet	Hordaland, Norway
Spirefossen	690 m	2,264 feet	Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway
Lake Unknown Falls	680 m	2,230 feet	South Island, New Zealand
Kukenaam, Salto	674 m	2,211 feet	Bolívar, Venezuela
Yutaj, Salto	671 m	2,200 feet	Amazonas, Venezuela

fractions!

Fraction is part of a whole. The following illustrate the concept;The figure has 4 parts and only 1 part of the figure is shaded.





Now, suppose you go to Domino's pizza, you may order a medium pizza. If your pizza has 8 slices and you did not eat the whole pizza, this means that you only ate parts of the whole pizza.

Let's say you don't have a big appetite and eat only 2 out of those 8 slices. The following figure illustrate the situation



we write 2/8 and we call 2 the numerator and we call 8 the denominator.



Notice that a (/) can also be used to separate the numerator with the denominator.

The expression 2/8 can also mean 2 divided by 8. If you use a calculator, the answer will be 0.25 and 0.25 is a decimal. Don't worry about this now. I will teach you decimals in a different unit.

Common sense also tells us that if we eat 2 slices and there are 8 slices, well, we ate only one-fourth of the pizza.

How can we write one-fourth with a numerator and a denominator? May be you know already! If you don't, try the following:

You make 4 piles with your slices with each pile having 2 slices.



Eating 2 slices out 8 is the same as eating 1 pile out of those 4 piles. We can then write 1/4, which is also equal to 0.25 or 2/8

There is something interesting about 1/4 and 2/8.Although they both have different numerators and denominators, they are both equal.

We call 1/4 and 2/8 equivalent fractions.

Other examples are:

1/2 and 5/10

1/3 and 4/12

2/5 and 4/10

Notice that to get from 1/4 to 2/8, all we need to do is to multiply both numerator and denominator by the same number that is 2.

In the same way, to get from 1/2 to 5/10, we can multiply both numerator and denominator by 5.

2/8 and 5/10 are called higher terms. Be careful! It is not because 2/8 is bigger than 1/4 and 5/10 is bigger than 1/2.

Compared to 1/2, 5/10 is a higher term only because it has a bigger numerator and a bigger denominator. However, we saw before that 1/2= 5/10 = 0.5

Notice too that you can go from a higher term to a lower term. For instance, to bring 5/10 to a lower term, all you need to do is to divide both numerator and denominator by 5. You will get 1/2

Going from higher terms to lower terms means that you are simplifying. To get the simplest form, divide the numerator and the denominator by the largest number that divides into both evenly.

For instance, to bring 10/40 to its simplest from, divide both 10 and 40 by 10. You will get 1/4.

Adverbs: Comparative & Superlative

Rule

In general, comparative and superlative forms of adverbs are the same as for adjectives:

• add -er or -est to short adverbs:

Adverb	Comparative	Superlative
hard late fast	harder later faster	the hardest the latest the fastest

Example:

• Jim works harder than his brother.
• Everyone in the race ran fast, but John ran the fastest of all.

Rule

With adverbs ending in -ly, use more for the comparative and most for the superlative:

Adverb	Comparative	Superlative
quietly slowly seriously	more quietly more slowly more seriously	most quietly most slowly most seriously

Example:

• The teacher spoke more slowly to help us to understand.
• Could you sing more quietly please?

Rule

Some adverbs have irregular comparative forms:

Adverb	Comparative	Superlative
badly far little well	worse farther/further less better	worst farthest/furthest least best

Example:

• The little boy ran further than his friends.
• You're driving worse today than yesterday !
  

BE CAREFUL! Sometimes 'most' can mean 'very':

• We were most grateful for your help
• I am most impressed by this application.

ADVERBS: How adverbs are formed

Rules

1. In most cases, an adverb is formed by adding '-ly' to an adjective:

Adjective	Adverb
cheap quick slow	cheaply quickly slowly

Examples:

• Time goes quickly.
• He walked slowly to the door.
• She certainly had an interesting life.
• He carefully picked up the sleeping child.

Rules

If the adjective ends in '-y', replace the 'y' with 'i' and add '-ly':

Adjective	Adverb
easy angry happy lucky	easily angrily happily luckily

If the adjective ends in -'able', '-ible', or '-le', replace the '-e' with '-y':

Adjective	Adverb
probable terrible gentle	probably terribly gently

If the adjective ends in '-ic', add '-ally':

Adjective	Adverb
basic economic tragic	basically economically tragically

Note: Exception: public - publicly
2. Some adverbs have the same form as the adjective:

Adjective and Adverb
early fast hard high	late near straight wrong

Compare:

• It is a fast car.
• He drives very fast.
• This is a hard exercise.
  
• He works hard.
  
• We saw many high buildings.
  
• The bird flew high in the sky.

3. 'Well' and 'good'
'Well' is the adverb that corresponds to the adjective 'good'.

Examples:

• He is a good student.
  
• He studies well.
  
• She is a good pianist.
  
• She plays the piano well.
  
• They are good swimmers.
  
• They swim well.

ADVERBS - FUNCTION

Adverbs modify, or tell us more about other words, usually verbs:

Examples

• The bus moved slowly.
• The bears ate greedily.

Sometimes they tell us more about adjectives:

Examples

• You look absolutely fabulous!

They can also modify other adverbs:

Examples

• She played the violin extremely well.
• You're speaking too quietly.

Common Adjectives Table

Appearance	Condition
adorable alert average beautiful blonde bloody blushing bright clean clear cloudy colourful concerned crowded curious cute dark dirty drab distinct dull elegant fancy filthy glamorous gleaming graceful grotesque homely light misty motionless muddy plain poised quaint scary shiny smoggy sparkling spotless stormy strange ugly unsightly unusual	alive brainy broken busy careful cautious clever crazy damaged dead difficult easy fake false famous forward fragile guilty helpful helpless important impossible infamous innocent inquisitive mad modern open outgoing outstanding poor powerful puzzled real rich right robust sane scary shy sleepy stupid super tame thick tired wild wrong
Feelings - negative	Feelings - neutral	Feelings - positive
afraid angry annoyed anxious arrogant ashamed awful bad bewildered bored concerned condemned confused creepy cruel dangerous defeated defiant depressed disgusted disturbed doubtful eerie embarrassed envious evil fierce foolish frantic frightened grieving guilty helpless hungry hurt ill jealous lonely mad naughty nervous obnoxious outrageous panicky repulsive safe scared shy sleepy sore strange tense terrible tired troubled unusual upset uptight weary wicked worried	alright calm different fair fine OK pleasant puzzled	agreeable alert amused brave bright charming cheerful comfortable cooperative courageous delightful determined eager elated enchanting encouraging energetic enthusiastic excited exuberant faithful fantastic friendly frowning funny gentle glorious good happy healthy helpful hilarious innocent jolly kind lively lovely lucky obedient perfect proud relaxed relieved silly smiling splendid successful thoughtful victorious vivacious well witty wonderful
Shape	Size	Sound
broad crooked curved deep even flat hilly jagged round shallow square steep straight thick thin triangular uneven	average big fat gigantic huge large little long massive medium miniature narrow petite short skinny small tall tiny wide	cooing deafening faint harsh high-pitched hissing hushed husky loud melodic moaning mute noisy purring quiet raspy screeching shrill silent soft squeaky squealing thundering voiceless whispering
Speed	Taste	Time
fast quick rapid slow swift	bitter bland delicious different fresh greasy hot juicy repulsive revolting ripe rotten salty sour spicy stale strong sweet tasteless tasty terrible wonderful	ancient brief. early late long modern new old old-fashioned quick short young
	Touch
	blunt boiling breakable breezy broken bumpy chilly clean cold cool crooked cuddly curly damaged damp different dirty dry dusty filthy flaky fluffy fuzzy greasy grubby hard icy loose plastic prickly ripe rough rubbery scratchy shaky shaggy sharp silky slimy slippery smooth soft solid steady sticky tight uneven unusual unripe warm weak wet wooden wooly

Adjectives - Possessive

My

I have a car and I have a dog called Sam.

This is my car with my dog Sam.

Your

You have a computer.

You aren't using my computer to read this. You are using your computer.

Her | His

I don't have a crown. Prince Charles doesn't have a crown. The Queen has a crown.

This is the queen's crown. It isn't my crown and it isn't your crown. It isn't his crown, either. It is her crown.

Its

This padlock has a key.

This is the padlock's key. It is its key.

Our

We have a website called Learn English.

It is my website and it is your website. It is our website.

Their

The pop group Elbow have a CD.

This is their CD.

Adjectives - Comparative and Superlative

This is a box.

Big | Small

This is a small box.

This is a big box.

Bigger / Smaller | Biggest / Smallest

	The blue box is bigger than the green box.		The blue box is smaller than the red box.
The green box is smaller than the red box and the blue box. The green box is the smallest box.				The red box is bigger than the blue box and the green box. The red box is the biggest box.

Higher / Lower | Highest / Lowest

Mount Snowdon 1,085 metres	Mount Fuji is higher than Mount Snowdon.	Mount Fuji 3,776 metres	Mount Fuji is higher than Mount Snowdon, but lower than Mount Everest.	Mount Everest 8,848 metres
Mount Snowdon is the lowest mountain.				Mount Everest is the highest mountain.

Longer / Shorter | Longest / Shortest

River Danube 2,850 (km)	The river Amazon is longer than the river Danube.	River Amazon 6,516 (km)	The river Amazon is longer than the river Danube, but shorter than the river Nile.	River Nile 6,695 (km)
The river Danube is the shortest river.				The river Nile is the longest river.

Cheaper / More (Less) Expensive | Cheapest / Most (Least) Expensive

John's car cost £15,000	John's car was less expensive than Jane's car. It's cheaper than Jane's car.	Jane's car cost £25,000	Jane's car is more expensive than John's car, but less expensive than Bill's car.	Bill's car cost £55,000
John's car is the least expensive car. It's the cheapest car.				Bill's car is the most expensive car.

Superlative Adjectives

The superlative is used to say what thing or person has the most of a particular quality within a group or of its kind. Superlative adjectives normally come before any other adjectives.

		Snowdon is not the highest mountain in Britain, Ben Nevis is.
Mount Snowdon is 3,559 feet high.	Ben Nevis is 4,408 feet high.

Forming the superlative

Form	Rule	For example
Words of one syllable ending in 'e'.	Add -st to the end of the word.	wide - widest
Words of one syllable, with one vowel and one consonant at the end.	Double the consonant and add -est to the end of the word.	big - biggest
Words of one syllable, with more than one vowel or more than one consonant at the end.	Add - est to the end of the word.	high - highest
Words of two syllables, ending in 'y'.	Change 'y' to 'i', and add -est to the end of the word.	happy - happiest
Words of two syllables or more, not ending in 'y'.	Place 'the most' before the adjective.	beautiful - the most beautiful

The following adjectives are exceptions:

• 'good' becomes 'the best'
• 'bad' becomes 'the worst'
• 'far' becomes 'the furthest'

For example:

• "Jill is the best student in the class ."
• "Jack is the worst student in the class."
• "In our solar system the planet Pluto is the furthest planet from the Sun."

!Note - superlatives are usually preceded by 'the'.
For example:

• "The Rio de la Plata river, on the southeast coastline of South America, is the widest river in the world."
• According to the List of World records Carol Yager (1960-1994), from Michigan, is the fattest person ever to live, weighing 725 kg (1,600 lb).
• "Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world."
• "I think that Castle Combe is the prettiest village in England."
• "Arguably, Rome is the most beautiful city in the world."

Possessive Adjectives

Possesive adjectives are used to show ownership or possession.

Subject pronoun	Possessive adjective
I	my
you	your
he	his
she	her
it	its
we	our
they	their

For example:

• I own a laptop. = It is my laptop.
• You own this computer (I presume). = It is your computer.
• My husband owns a car. = It is his car.
• My sister owns a house. = It is her house.
• My dog owns a collar. = It is its collar.
• We use this website. = It is our website.
• Manchester United own a football ground. = It is their football ground.